I. introduction-5
1. social changes and freedom of movement in north korea-7
2. freedom of movement: international status and the situation in north korea-8
3. study purpose and method-10
II. control over people with travel permits-13
1. travel permit and limiting resident's movement-15
2. access restriction via designating approval number areas-22
3. travel permit and public inspection-25
III.forced deprtation-29
1. forced deportation due to deviance-33
2. forced deportation as a means of specific regional control-36
3. forced deportation of the family members of escapees-39
4. other forced deportations-41
IV. restricted border access and preventation of free leave-45
1. strict control of lssuing immigration documents-51
1) passports-48
2) border area immigration inspection-53
2. strengthened immigration inspection-53
3. strengthened control and punishment of illegal border crossings-55